We demand vengeance!. 100-01 - What economic policies did the Government introduce to deal with the issues that Cuba faced? Yet this discouraging near-term political picture becomes less ominous, or at least less clear-cut, if one looks down the road. How did conditions in Germany and Europe at the end of World War I contribute to the rise and triumph of Nazism in Germany. David has worked for two academic journals, Posted 2 years ago. Evaluate the treatment of religious groups and minorities in two authoritarian states, each chosen from a different region. Chinese trend for using photo of film star to get better service sweeps social media, More than 20,000 Russian soldiers killed in five months in Ukraine, US says, Chinese journalist arrested on charges of espionage, 'Democracy was hijacked. In 1931, Japanese forces invaded Manchuria, in China. The democratic nature of the Weimar Republic paradoxically led directly to the creation of Nazi authoritarian state, as it created an environment of expression and new ideas in which Nazism flourished. They would call their empire the "Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere". (Nov 2009), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power ofoneruler of a single-party state. authoritarianism, in politics and government, the blind submission to authority and the repression of individual freedom of thought and action. 'Domestic policy rarely managed to achieve its aims', Discuss how far you agree with this statement with reference to two authoritarian states you have studied, both from different regions. Despite the cutting-edge manipulative tactics and tricks of many authoritarian regimes, they are not immune from what is perhaps the central political imperative of this century: the steadily rising demands of citizens almost everywhere for capable, effective governance. To what extent was the role of propaganda used to consolidate and maintain . Course: World History Project - 1750 to the Present, World History Project - 1750 to the Present. By 1938, the Nazis were physically expelling some Jews and debating massive resettlement plans. - How was land reform implemented from 1950s onwards? In 1949-58, 75% of all imports came from the USA; 65% of all exports went to the USA. 89 - How did the USA use economics to try and destabilise Castro? As the biggest governance test in recent memoryone that many authoritarians are failingthe pandemic and its ensuing economic devastation will turbocharge this underlying driver of global political change. -unmarried men 35+ were taxed more The independent sovereign nations that emerged after the fall of the former Soviet Union "don't have effective status under international law because there is not an international agreement . 'Elsewhere these groups [like the Nazis] could have been ignored and allowed to die out. The Nazi Party recruited, organized, and produced a newspaper to spread its message. At the end of the third read, you should be able to respond to these questions: Looking back on history, we can often see patterns emerging just before dangerous or terrible events occurred. Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states (15) Economic factors play a major role in any nation and as authoritarian states rise and fall throughout A totalitarian regime has a highly centralized system of government that requires strict obedience. Its important that when it comes to China, the EU speaks with one voice If we dont do that, theyll have us for lunch, they said. Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. I dont see them either. In Tanzania, which has not published nationwide figures relating to the coronavirus since May 8, President John Magufuli insisted that the country had defeated the virus through prayer. Everything seemed to be falling into place for a Fascist revolution. Direct link to Faviel Rapalo's post this was cool. . These crackdowns impede effective public health responses, given that civil society can be a crucial partner to governmentsespecially for authoritarians with weak state capacity, such as those in many countries in Africa, former Soviet states, and the Middle Eastin terms of collecting and distributing accurate and timely health-related information and delivering resources and care. 94-5. [2010] 17. How successful were they? It is hard to blind citizens slammed by a national public health emergency to the realities of weak leadership at the top and incoherent governance at local levels. How was Stalin similar to and different from Hitler and Mussolini? And indeed, rising instability, aggression, racism, and fear triggered the eruption of the Second World War. In this way, the imperialist thinking drove Italian policy in more radical directions. Standards of behavior were changing. His trial brought him fame and followers. Explore Museum suggestions for where to begin teaching about the Holocaust. They regulated marriage and sexual intercourse between the two groups, and stripped citizenship from both Jews and Roma. During this time, about one-third of the Communist Party's three million members were killed. But on the whole, these tendencies have been much less marked among democracies compared to autocracies. Additionally, the study shows how the continued use of practices from authoritarian times revealed the weakness of the democratic transition in Myanmar. 87 - How did the US respond to the Cuban Revolution? What were his aims economically and socially? Moreover, most authoritarianswhatever the quality of their pandemic policiesface enormous new economic pressures as a result of the virus. Battle for Grain: Success (grow more cereal to cut back on foreign imports) Beijing on Monday sought to defuse the row. Resistance was muted (unnoticed) at first, but grew rapidly as Japanese forces attacked the Chinese capital of Nanjing. President Hindenburg signed a decree that suspended all basic civil rights and constitutional protections, providing the basis for arbitrary police actions. By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. Thomas Carothers is senior vice president for studies and the Harvey V. Fineberg Chair for Democracy Studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Antisemitism (discrimination against Jews) defined Nazism in Germany, but that was not exactly the case with Italian Fascism, at least before 1938. Vietnams leaders, for example, responded to the countrys first confirmed infections as early as January, imposing travel restrictions and quarantines with a speed that made it a textbook case of an effective response to the public health emergency. Cameroons President Paul Biya vanished in March for over two months, while in Nicaragua, President Daniel Ortega has ducked from public view for extended periods twice, including once for more than a month. As a result of Mussolini's compromises, conservative and liberal elements within the state blocked most revolutionary goals of Fascism. New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. How did Mussolini strengthen the power of the Fascist party? Discuss with reference to two authoritarian leaders. Although many Japanese civilians were not supportive of these military efforts, it became dangerous to question the government or the military. (Nov 2006. To what extent did economic factors contribute to the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from a di erent region? Sources in the CBI told The Sunday Guardian that the Bureau is likely to widen the scope . The mixed record of authoritarians responses to the coronavirus undercuts any simple conclusion that the pandemic will bolster authoritarianism globally over the long term. We have won power in Germany. To what extent did popular support for the aims and ideology of one authoritarian/single-party leader contribute to the rise to power of that leader? Why do you think so many people in Italy, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union embraced fascist or authoritarian ideologies and actions, even those that were violent and repressive. (May 10 TZ2), In what ways, and to what extent, was propaganda important in the rise and rule of Hitler? The projection of national power overseas resonated with many Italians. Under the emergency decree, they could be terrorized, beaten and held indefinitely. Citizens surging discontent toward many authoritarian countries may not necessarily translate into immediate political instability or change. Though this massacre was never acknowledged, some Japanese leaders privately justified it as necessary to "pacify" ("make peaceful") the Chinese population, whom they saw as members of an inferior nation. The Chinese embassy in Paris issued a formal statement saying Lus comments were not a policy declaration but the expression of personal viewpoints during a television interview. German imperialism was long based on a theory of colonial growth, called. With a lack of guidance from the top, disorder among the governors ensued, as some officials adopted measures the Kremlin criticized as excessive and others took measures that were deemed insufficient. -Lateran Treaty: gov recognized papal sovereignty over vatican ( became independent state) POPE recognized italian state [2017] Of the many fascist states that emerged between the two world wars, Hitler's Germany was the most notoriousbut Mussolini's Italy was the first. They believed victory on the battlefield abroad would bring back the glory of ancient Rome and show the world Italy was a real player in the "game of empire." Many other Japanese citizens, however, embraced the cause of nationalism and military expansion. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1.) Yet many other authoritarian or authoritarian-leaning leaders have shown startling weakness in facing the pandemic, falling back on deeply ingrained habits of lying to deny inconvenient facts, spin conspiracy theories, and create alternative realities. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda, 2. (May 05), Compare and contrast the repressive policies of Hitler and Stalin. The independent sovereign nations that emerged after the fall of the former Soviet Union dont have effective status under international law because there is not an international agreement confirming their status as sovereign nations, he said. After initial success in containing the virus, Singapore was struck by subsequent outbreaks among its population of migrant workers. The Italian foreign minister, Antonio Tajani, said he also disagreed with Lus comments. INTRODUCTION. Italians convinced themselves that this firepower made them superior to their Ethiopian victims. The major conditions that led to an authoritarian state were treaties that were signed in the 20 th century. Paper 2 Section Description Authoritarian States Course Companion Book This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. In 2019, an EU policy document described China as simultaneously a partner, economic competitor and systemic rival, but different member states attach different weight to each part of that assessment. After nearly two years of fighting and more than one-hundred deaths, the Fascists had defeated the Socialists. Economic conditions stabilized for a few years, then the worldwide depression hit in 1929. These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. We draw on over a decade of fieldwork in the Salween River Basin where dams and diversions have been proposed since 1979, including the most recent iteration, the Yuam . ROMAN CATHOLICISM= official state religion of Italy, Authoritarian control was never completely achieved bc M had to SHARE power with TRADITIONAL italian groups such as the monarchy and the catholic church. - MORE PEOPLE BIGGER ITALY With reference to Castro (Cuba) or Nasser (Egypt), to what extent did the use of force contribute tomaintenance of power? Social and economic policies in authoritarian states did not always achieve their aims.. What shocked so many in Germany about the treaty signed near Paris, at the Palace of Versailles, was that the victors dictated a future in which Germany was deprived of any significant military power. The humiliation of Germanys defeat and the peace settlement that followed in 1919 would play an important role in the rise of Nazism and the coming of a second world war just 20 years later. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. Public domain. We call these characteristics fascism, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism. For the first time, women were working outside the home in large numbers, and the new constitution gave women the right to vote. Amy Elizabeth Robinson is a freelance writer, editor, and historian with a Ph.D. in the History of Britain and the British Empire from Stanford University. (May 2009. Why were some Italian Fascists unhappy with Mussolinis early years in power? He served only a short jail sentence, and after the ban was lifted on his National Socialist Party, Hitler and his followers rejoined the battle in the streets and in the countryside. The French president caused anger and alarm when he said Europe needed to avoid getting drawn into a US-China conflict over crises that are not ours, namely the status of Taiwan. You should include the following ideas from the unit content of Paper 2 Topic Authoritarian States: Emergence of the State. Moreover, among democracies, those with leaders who have strong illiberal tendencies, like U.S. President Donald Trump and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, have done the worst in responding to the pandemic. -continued to have a relationship The Fascists, led by Mussolini, formed a street-fighting group called the Blackshirts to support the landowners.
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